The Romans brought plaster-work techniques to Europe. In Jericho, a cult arose where human skulls were decorated with plaster and painted to appear lifelike. In Egypt, gypsum was burned in open fires, crushed into powder, and mixed with water to create plaster, used as a mortar between the blocks of pyramids and to provide a smooth facing for places.
Plaster was first used as a building material and for decoration in the Middle East at least 7,000 years ago. In the ancient world, as well as the sort of ornamental designs in plaster relief that are still used, plaster was also widely used to create large figurative reliefs for walls, though few of these have survived. In art, lime plaster is the traditional matrix for fresco painting the pigments are applied to a thin wet top layer of plaster and fuse with it so that the painting is actually in coloured plaster.
Various types of models and moulds are made with plaster. In dentistry, plaster is used to make dental models by pouring the material into dental impressions. In medicine, plaster orthopedic casts are still often used for supporting set broken bones. Plaster is suitable for finishing rather than load-bearing, and when thickly applied for decoration may require a hidden supporting framework, usually in metal.įorms of plaster have several other uses. Plaster can be relatively easily worked with metal tools and sandpaper and can be moulded, either on site or in advance, and worked pieces can be put in place with adhesive. The reaction with water liberates heat through crystallization and the hydrated plaster then hardens. The plaster is manufactured as a dry powder and is mixed with water to form a stiff but workable paste immediately before it is applied to the surface. The most common types of plaster mainly contain either gypsum, lime, or cement, but all work in a similar way.
Another imprecise term used for the material is stucco, which is also often used for plasterwork that is worked in some way to produce relief decoration, rather than flat surfaces. In English, "plaster" usually means a material used for the interiors of buildings, while "render" commonly refers to external applications. Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements. A plaster low-relief decorative frieze is above it.
#PLASTER ART SCULPTURES FULL#
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